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The Mannheimer Akte (Mannheim Act) (officially : Revised Rhine Navigation Act of 17 October 1868) is an international agreement that regulates vessel traffic on the Rhine. The principles of the Treaty are:- * Free shipping * Equal treatment of sailors and fleet * Exemption from shipping charges * Simplified customs clearance * Obligation to maintain the Rhine's banks * Standardization of ship safety and ship traffic regulations * A single jurisdiction for shipping matters and the establishment of the Rhine waterway courts * Establishing a commission to monitor these principles ==History== *1648: Free shipping on the Rhine was first settled, in the Peace of Westphalia, but could not prevail in practice. *1815: Called the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, the freedom of navigation of international waters of the Rhine and the establishment of a commission. *1816: This Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine first met in Mainz, Germany. *31 March 1831: The Mainzer Akte was agreed to. *1861: The Commission was transferred to Mannheim. *17 October 1868: The Convention of Mannheim was signed by Baden, Bavaria, France, Hesse, the Netherlands and Prussia, valid in its principles today. *1919: It was changed by the Treaty of Versailles Article 355 of the Convention of Mannheim. *1920: The headquarters of the Commission was moved to Strasbourg. *1963: An agreement was confirmed with the principles of the Mannheim Act (enacted in 1967) and Switzerland was a signatory. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mannheimer Akte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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